There is no single universal formula for paint, as formulations vary depending on the intended application (e.g., wall paint, automotive coating, wood varnish). However, a general formula for water-based architectural paint might look like this:

• Binder (e.g., acrylic emulsion): 30–40%

• Pigment (e.g., titanium dioxide): 10–20%

• Extender (e.g., calcium carbonate): 20–30%

• Water: 10–20%

• Additives: <5% (dispersants, defoamers, preservatives, rheology modifiers)

These components are mixed using a high-speed disperser or bead mill to ensure pigment dispersion and homogeneity. The result is a stable and uniform paint that can be stored and applied easily.

The formula may be adjusted to improve coverage, drying time, washability, or resistance to mold and mildew. For industrial coatings, solvent-borne systems or two-component (2K) systems may be used, incorporating hardeners and catalysts.